Charging
Even if the question about charging the storage is not part of the project, some thoughts must be allowed.
The main function of a BILS is storing summer energy as latent heat to be used in winter for district heating. The source is for sure solar energy, as there is nothing else that has to be transferred from summer to winter.
Generally speaking, there are basically two options:
- Direct charging using solar thernal appliances
- PV driven heat pumps
Both have their specific advantages and depending on the situation one and/or the other option will be chosen.
Taken from:
Preliminary Assessment of promising nonaquifer seasonal thermal energy storage
Donald E. Blahnik, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Washington
Proceedings of International conference on seasonal thermal energy storage and compressed air energy storage Seattle – Washington, October 19-21, 1981
One calss of materials that could be considered for underwater storages are some types of concrete and clay that can be designed to have the same density as water. Another class of potentially suitable materials are based on bitumen. All these materials have some severe drawbacks for BILS.
Even if it might look strange: Water seems to be the insulation material of choice. The thermal conductivity of water is about λ=0.6 W/mK which compared to materials like mineral wool (λ=0.03 W/mK) is rather high. But this high conductivity can be compensated with material thickness. Increase the thickness of the water insulation to 2m to reach the same thermal resistance as 10cm of mineral wool. Not reasonable for a small storage, but acceptable if the storage has a diameter of 20m to add 2 m of insulation.
More to come...